System, Method and Apparatus for Augmenting a Building Management System with Indoor Air Quality Sensor Information

ABSTRACT

A system, method and apparatus for augmenting a building control system domain. A sensor network platform can be configured to collect data based on measurements from sensors outside of a legacy building control system domain, and to present information based on the collected data to a known interface supported by the legacy building control system. In one embodiment, the collected data can undergo customized processing by an operation center outside of the legacy building control system domain.

This application is a continuation of non-provisional application Ser.No. 17/240,146, filed Apr. 26, 2021, which is a continuation ofnon-provisional application Ser. No. 16/418,247, filed May 21, 2019,which is a continuation of non-provisional application Ser. No.15/876,174, filed Jan. 21, 2018 (now U.S. Pat. No. 10,313,149), which isa continuation of non-provisional application Ser. No. 14/871,014, filedSep. 30, 2015 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,876,653), which is acontinuation-in-part of non-provisional application Ser. No. 14/710,170,filed May 12, 2015 (now U.S. Pat. No. 9,551,594). Non-provisionalapplication Ser. No. 14/710,170 claims the benefit of and priority toprovisional application No. 61/992,307, filed May 13, 2014, and toprovisional application No. 62/136,959, filed Mar. 23, 2015. Each of theabove-identified applications is incorporated herein by reference in itsentirety.

BACKGROUND Field

The present disclosure relates generally to sensor applications,including a system, method and apparatus for augmenting a buildingcontrol system domain.

INTRODUCTION

Sensors can be used to monitor various conditions at a monitoredlocation such as a building. In one example, sensors can be used tomonitor physical environment conditions such as temperature, humidity,and air quality. In another example, sensors can be used to monitorphysical environment conditions such as consumption of a particularutility (e.g., power). The application of sensors within the buildingcontext is growing as the utility provided by such monitoring expands.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to describe the manner in which the above-recited and otheradvantages and features can be obtained, a more particular descriptionwill be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which areillustrated in the appended drawings. Understanding that these drawingsdepict only typical embodiments and are not therefore to be consideredlimiting of its scope, the disclosure describes and explains withadditional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanyingdrawings in which:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a monitored location.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example embodiment of augmenting a control systemdomain.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example embodiment of a node in a sensor network.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example embodiment of a bridge unit.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example embodiment of a bridge unit interfacingwith an external controller.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example embodiment of a sensor network node thatis physically attached to a set of bridge units.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example embodiment of a housing of a sensornetwork node that exposes connector interfaces.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example embodiment of a housing of a bridge unit.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example embodiment of a bridge unit interfacingwith a building control system.

FIG. 10 illustrates a data flow of an augmented control system domain.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Various embodiments are discussed in detail below. While specificimplementations are discussed, it should be understood that this is donefor illustration purposes only. A person skilled in the relevant artwill recognize that other components and configurations may be usedwithout parting from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.

A Building Management System (BMS) is an example of a computer-basedcontrol system installed in a building. In general, the computer-basedcontrol system can monitor and control some aspect of a building'sfunctionality. The BMS, for example, can be designed to monitor andcontrol the building's mechanical and electrical equipment such asventilation, lighting, power systems, fire systems, and securitysystems. Other examples of computer-based control systems installed in abuilding include a Building Automation System (BAS), a FacilityManagement Systems (FMS), an Energy Management Systems (EMS), aMaintenance Management System (MMS), or any other control systeminstalled in a building that can leverage input information based onsensor measurements.

A BMS is a combination of hardware and software and is typicallyproprietary. A BMS can be installed during the building constructionphase as it is tied in with the installation of extensive mechanical,HVAC, electrical, and plumbing systems. Due in part to its scale ofoperation, the BMS is often rigidly configured or incomplete in itsreach. This results because the BMS is not installed with the sufficientlevel of granularity to enable fine-tuning of its operation to meet theparticular needs of a building site. Further problematic is theprohibitive expense of adjusting or modifying the proprietary BMS. Ingeneral, the BMS is typically inflexible in adapting to the dynamicnature of the on-site needs as the building usage evolves over time.This can be especially true when considering the need for increasing thenumber of sensors at a building site to give the BMS additionalinformation to implement control measures with greater accuracy andeffectiveness.

In the present disclosure, it is recognized that a sensor networkplatform can be used to augment the sensor information that is inputinto a building control system such as a BMS. In one example system, agateway device is installed at a monitored location with a networkconnection with an operations center located external to the monitoredlocation. The gateway device can communicate with a plurality of sensornetwork nodes, wherein each sensor network node can support one or moresensors. In one embodiment, the sensor network platform can performcustomized processing of sensor data collected at the monitored locationto produce the particular sensor information desired by the buildingcontrol system.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a monitored location. In general, amonitored location can represent any area where one or more sensors aredeployed. The monitored location may or may not represent a physicalarea having clearly defined boundaries. As would be appreciated, theextent of the monitoring application itself provides a sense of boundaryto the monitored location. In one example, the monitored location canrepresent a building such as a home, hotel, industrial facility, school,hospital, community building, stadium, airport, convention center,warehouse, office building, mall, shopping center, data center,multi-dwelling unit, or other defined building structure. In anotherexample, the monitored location can represent an area of control such asa vehicle or container in any mode of transport, an asset collectionarea, a construction zone, or any monitored area that can be fixed ormovable. In yet another example, the monitored location can represent anarea proximate to an article, device, person or other item of interestupon which one or more sensors are attached.

In the example of FIG. 1 , monitored location 100 includes controlsystem 111. Where monitored location 100 includes a building, controlsystem 111 can represent a building control system such as a BMS.Control system 111 operates in a domain 110. Domain 110 need notrepresent a defined physical area. Rather, domain 110 can represent alogical expression of the reach of control system 111 as defined by afirst plurality of sensors (S1) that are equipped to provide sensor datato control system 111. As would be appreciated, the first plurality ofsensors can be connected to control system 111 via a known interfacemechanism supported by control system 111.

As illustrated in FIG. 1 , monitored location 100 also includes a seconddomain 120 that can represent a logical expression of a domain outsidethe reach of control system 111. Included within the second domain 120is a second plurality of sensors (S2) that are not currently integratedwith control system 111. This lack of integration can result from theinflexibility of control system 111 in adapting to the changing sensorapplication needs within monitored location 100. In the example of aBMS, the changing sensor application needs can represent the addition ofnew sensors in a building that respond to new government regulations,that respond to sensor needs in new locations, that respond to newtenant requirements, that incorporate new sensor technology, thatincorporate new sensor interfaces, or that achieves any new sensorobjective that is beyond the scope of the BMS as initially installed orcurrently operated. As noted, BMS installations can be inflexible andrequire significant expense to modify or otherwise adjust its operation.This significant expense will often preclude the integration of thesecond plurality of sensors with control system 111. As a result, thesecond plurality of sensors can operate in a second sensor network thatis independent of domain 110. This independence limits the utility ofcontrol system 111 and reduces the overall return on the originalinvestment in control system 111.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example embodiment of a system for augmenting adomain of a legacy control system. As illustrated, monitored location200 includes legacy control system 211. Legacy control system 211operates in a domain 210, which can represent a logical expression ofthe reach of legacy control system 211. Monitored location 200 alsoincludes a second domain 120 that can represent a logical expression ofa domain outside the reach of legacy control system 211. Included withinthe second domain 220 is a second plurality of sensors (S2) that are notintegrated with legacy control system 211. As noted above, the lack ofintegration of the second plurality of sensors can be due to a number ofreasons that relate to new sensor objectives that are beyond the scopeof the legacy control system 211 as initially installed or currentlyoperated. In the present disclosure, it is recognized that a sensornetwork platform can be configured to collect data based on measurementsfrom non-integrated sensors in second domain 220, and to presentinformation based on the collected data to a known interface supportedby legacy control system 211.

As illustrated in FIG. 2 , a plurality of sensor network nodes 222-n cansupport the non-integrated second plurality of sensors in second domain220. Sensor network nodes 222-n can communicate with gateway 221 viawired or wireless communication. In turn, gateway 221 can communicatewith operation center 230 via a network connection. This networkconnection can be embodied in various forms depending upon theparticular characteristics of monitored location 200. For example, wheremonitored location 200 is a building in a developed area, then thenetwork connection can be facilitated by a wired Internet connection viaan Internet service provider (ISP). Where monitored location 200 is aremote physical area (or movable area) that may include a buildingstructure, then the network connection can be facilitated by aterrestrial or satellite based wireless network. Here, it should benoted that multiple gateways can be used at a particular monitoredlocation, wherein each gateway supports a different set of sensors andhas a separate network connection to an operation center.

To illustrate the various ways that a sensor network node can supportone or more of the second plurality of sensors, consider the example ofsensor network node 222-1. First, one or more of the second plurality ofsensors (S2) can be integrated with sensor network node 222-1. Second,one or more of the second plurality of sensors can be supported bybridge unit (BU) 240, which is configured for attachment to sensornetwork node 222-1. Third, one or more of the second plurality ofsensors can be supported by bridge unit 250, which communicates with anexternal controller (C) 260 connected to one or more of the secondplurality of sensors. To illustrate the various ways that sensor networknode 222-1 can support one or more of the second plurality of sensors,reference is now made to FIG. 3 , which illustrates an exampleembodiment of a sensor network node that can provide varied support forone or more of the second plurality of sensors.

As illustrated, sensor network node 300 includes controller 310 andtransceiver 320, which can support wired or wireless communication. Theuse of wireless communication enables sensor network node 300 to collectdata from sensors that are installed at locations remote from thenetwork infrastructure used by the control system. In one embodiment, aplurality of sensor network nodes can form a wireless mesh network usingthe IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. This wireless mesh network enables sensornetwork node 300 to communicate with a gateway or another sensor networknode that operates as a relay between sensor network node 300 and thegateway. Where wired communication is supported, sensor network node 300can be configured to communicate with another sensor network node, agateway or an operation center.

As illustrated, controller 310 can collect data based on measurements bya plurality of sensors 340-n that are contained within or otherwisesupported by a housing of sensor network node 300. In one embodiment,the plurality of sensors 340-n integrated with sensor network node 300can include a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an air quality(e.g., CO₂) sensor, a light sensor, a sound sensor, or any other sensorthat can be integrated with sensor network node 300. In general, theplurality of sensors 340-n can facilitate monitoring of the physicalenvironment at that part of the monitored location, including the healthand/or status of sensor network node 300.

As noted, a sensor network node can also collect sensor measurementsfrom one or more sensors via bridge units. As illustrated in FIG. 3 ,controller 310 can collect data from a set of bridge units that areconnected to sensor network node 300 via one or more universal sensorinterfaces 330-n. Each universal sensor interface 330-n can support theconnection of sensor network node 300 with a separate bridge unit. Theplug-and-play universal sensor interface facilitates the separation ofthe sensor network node communication infrastructure from the set of oneor more bridge units that are deployed at the location at which thesupporting sensor network node is installed. This separation createssignificant flexibility in providing customized sensor applicationsolutions after installation of the control system.

Universal sensor interfaces 330-n can represent a combination ofhardware and software. The hardware portion of universal sensorinterfaces 330-n can include a wired interface that enablescommunication of different signals between sensor network node 300 and aconnected bridge unit. In one example, the wired interface can beenabled through a connector interface, which is exposed by the housingof sensor network node 300, and that is configured to receive a bridgeunit connector via removable, pluggable insertion.

In one embodiment, the wired interface can be based on a SerialPeripheral Interface (SPI) bus. In one example, the wired interfaceenables six connections: supply, ground, data in, data out, clock, anddevice select. The device select connection can be unique to each wiredinterface and can enable controller 310 in sensor network node 300 toselect the particular bridge unit with which sensor network node 300desires to communicate.

The software portion of the universal sensor interfaces 330-n caninclude a protocol that allows sensor network node 300 to communicatewith a bridge unit. In one example protocol, controller 310 can beconfigured to poll the various universal sensor interfaces 330-n todetermine whether any bridge units are connected. As part of thisprotocol, controller 310 can first request a sensor ID from a bridgeunit. If the response read is “0”, then controller 310 would know thatno bridge unit is connected to that universal sensor interface 330-n.If, on the other hand, the response read is not “0”, then controller 310would ask for the number of data values that have to be retrieved andthe number of bits on which the data values are coded. In one example,the higher order 8-bits of a 16-bit communication between controller 310and a bridge unit identifies the number of data values, while the lowerorder 8-bits of the 16-bit communication identifies the number of bitsused to code each data value. Based on the number of data values to beretrieved, controller 310 would then collect that number of data values.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example embodiment of a bridge unit configured forattachment to a sensor network node, an example of which was describedwith reference to FIG. 3 . As illustrated, bridge unit 400 includescontroller 410, which communicates over a universal sensor interfacewith a supporting sensor network node. In one embodiment, bridge unit400 supports the universal sensor interface with a connector 420configured for pluggable, removable insertion into a correspondingconnector interface exposed by the supporting sensor network node. Inanother embodiment, the bridge unit can be coupled to the connectorinterface exposed by the supporting sensor network node via a connectorattached to a cable.

Bridge unit 400 can support a plurality of sensors 430-n such as atemperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an air quality (e.g., CO₂)sensor, a light sensor, a sound sensor, or any other sensor that can beincorporated in bridge unit 400. Additionally, one or more sensors 430-ncan generate sensor data based on inputs received from an externalsensor element. For example, a pulse sensor in bridge unit 400 can beconfigured to receive pulse signal inputs from an external sensorelement and can translate the pulse signal inputs into sensor data. Aswould be appreciated, one or more of sensors 430-n can be configured tooperate on any type of input signals generated by an external sensorelement. In various examples, the signal inputs can be generated byexternal sensor elements that support an occupancy sensor application, aradiation sensor application, a contact sensor application, a flowsensor application, a resource consumption application, a credentialsensor application, or any other type of sensor application configuredto measure a characteristic associated with a physical environment of apart of the monitored location.

As noted, support of one or more sensors by a bridge unit can be enabledvia an interface of the bridge unit with an external controller.Referring back to the example illustration of FIG. 2 , this scenario isillustrated by bridge unit 250 interfacing with controller 260, whichsupports one or more sensors 270. In one embodiment, the interfacebetween bridge unit 250 and controller 260 is an interface based on anindustry-defined protocol. For example, the interface can be based onModbus, BACnet, LonWorks, or any other industry-defined interfacespecification.

With reference to the example embodiment of FIG. 4 , bridge unit 400 caninclude interface section 440 to support the interface with an externalcontroller. Interface section 440 can include an interface controller441 that is configured to communicate with a corresponding externalcontroller that provides support for one or more sensors. For example,interface section 440 can be configured to communicate with anenergy-monitoring meter having voltage and current sensors that can beused to determine energy-related data such as kWh, kW peak demand, powerfactor per phase, amps per phase and volts per phase. In this example,interface controller 441 can read data from the energy-monitoring meterusing the industry-defined interface. In one scenario, the read data caninclude a plurality of sensor information 442-n as well as one or moreelements of additional information 443. As would be appreciated, the oneor more elements of additional information 443 can relate to theinterface, one or more sensors, the meter, the application, or anyinformation relevant to the resulting connection of the meter to thebridge unit.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example embodiment of a bridge unit interfacingwith an external controller that supports one or more sensors. In thisembodiment, assume that the interface between the bridge unit and theexternal controller is a Modbus interface. As would be appreciated,BACnet, LonWorks, or any other industry-defined interface can also beused between the bridge unit and the external controller.

In general, the Modbus protocol defines a message structure and formatused in communication transactions. Modbus devices can communicate usinga master-slave method, in which only the master device can initiate acommunications transaction with a slave device. A Modbus slave devicecan hold accessible data in addressable registers. A Modbus slave cancontain one or more of four groups of data, including Coil status, Inputstatus, Input registers and Holding registers. A Coil status is asingle-bit flag that can represent the status of a digital output of theslave, an Input status is a single-bit flag that can represent thestatus of a digital input of the slave, an Input register is a 16-bitregister that can store data collected by the slave device, and aHolding register is a 16-bit register that can store general-purposedata in the slave device. The various status and registers can beaccessed through a specification of a data address (and range) ofinterest. A Modbus message can include a device address, function code(e.g., read Holding register), and the data address or range ofaddresses.

As illustrated, bridge unit 510 includes controller 511, an example ofwhich was described with reference to controller 410 in FIG. 4 , andModbus controller 512 operating in a master mode. Modbus controller 512can be configured to interface with Modbus controller 531 operating in aslave mode in monitoring device 530. As illustrated, monitoring device530 can include one or more sensors 532. Here, it should be noted thatthe interface can be a serial interface or can be an interface enabledby a TCP/IP network.

In communicating with Modbus controller 531 to collect data based onmeasurements by one or more sensors 532, Modbus controller 512 in bridgeunit 510 can be configured based on configuration settings stored in adatabase of the operation center. In one embodiment, the configurationsettings for Modbus controller 512 in bridge unit 510 can be stored inaccordance with an identifier based on a gateway identifier, a sensornetwork node identifier, and a port identifier, wherein the portidentifier references a particular connector interface of the sensornetwork node to which bridge unit 510 is connected. In one example, theconfiguration settings can include the baud rate, the endianness, adevice address of the slave device, function codes (e.g., read/write),and the particular data addresses that are relevant to the functioncodes. In one embodiment, the configuration settings can be generatedbased on inputs provided by a user through a user interface supported bythe operation center.

Based on the configuration settings stored in the database, theoperation center can generate configuration setup packets fortransmission to the supporting sensor network node via the gateway. Theconfiguration setup packets can be used by the supporting sensor networknode to configure the operation of the Modbus controller in the bridgeunit attached to the particular port of the supporting sensor networknode. For example, the configuration setup packets can be used toconfigure the Modbus controller in the bridge unit to read data from aparticular address or range of addresses. In one embodiment, the rate(e.g., every X seconds) at which the Modbus controller would transmitthe read requests can be controlled by the data collection intervalestablished for the supporting sensor network node. As has beendescribed, the configuration settings can be used to effect a remoteconfiguration of the interface between Modbus controller 512 in bridgeunit 510 and Modbus controller 531 in monitoring device 530.

In one embodiment, the operation center can also generate action packetsthat enable one-off requests by a Modbus controller in a bridge unit.For example, the one-off request can relate to a read of a particularaddress or range of addresses to effect some form of verification, orcan relate to a write of a particular address or range of addresses toeffect some form of control. In one embodiment, the event-based actionpacket can be initiated by user interaction with a user interfacesupported by the operation center. In another embodiment, theevent-based action packet can be initiated in response to analyticsperformed on data collected by the operation center from one or moresensor network nodes. For example, the action packet initiated based onanalytics can be used to effect a response action at a monitoredlocation. As would be appreciated, the event-based action packet can beinitiated in response to any event and can control a Modbus controllerin any bridge unit to transmit a particular request over the Modbusinterface.

As has been described, a bridge unit can collect sensor-related datafrom a plurality of sensors in a variety of ways. Regardless of themechanism of collection of data from supported sensors, the bridge unitcan provide the collected data to a sensor network node via a universalinterface. FIG. 6 illustrates an example data flow between a sensornetwork node and a plurality of bridge units. As illustrated, sensornetwork node 600 interfaces with a plurality of bridge units, includingbridge unit 620-1, bridge unit 620-2, . . . , and bridge unit 620-N.Connectors of bridge unit 620-1, bridge unit 620-2, . . . , and bridgeunit 620-N are each physically attached to separate connector interfacesexposed by the housing of sensor network node 600.

The attachment of bridge unit 620-1 to sensor network node 600 enablescommunication of data between controller 621-1 and controller 610, theattachment of bridge unit 620-2 to sensor network node 600 enablescommunication of data between controller 621-2 and controller 610, . . ., and the attachment of bridge unit 620-N to wireless node 600 enablescommunication of data between controller 621-N and controller 610. Bythis attachment, each of bridge units 620-1, 620-2, . . . , and 620-Ncan be coupled to sensor network node 600 via a universal sensorinterface having the connectivity characteristics described above.

The plug-and-play nature of the connection of bridge units to supportingsensor network nodes facilitates a modular framework for collection ofsensor data at a monitored location. FIG. 7 illustrates an exampleembodiment of a housing of a sensor network node such as the exampleillustration of sensor network node 300 in FIG. 3 . As illustrated,sensor network node 700 can have a housing configured to expose aplurality of connector interfaces 710. Each of the plurality ofconnector interfaces 710 can support the physical attachment of a singlebridge unit. In the example illustration, each side of the housing ofnode 700 exposes a single connector interface 710. In the presentdisclosure, it is recognized that the housing of the node can besubstantially larger than the housing of the bridge unit. This canresult, for example, because the node can be designed with additionalcomponents such as an internal power source (e.g., battery) that caninvolve additional volume requirements as compared to the bridge units.It is therefore recognized that one embodiment of a sensor network nodecan have multiple bridge units physically attached to a single side ofthe sensor network node.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example embodiment of a housing of a bridge unitsuch as the example illustration of bridge unit 400 in FIG. 4 . Asillustrated, bridge unit 800 can have a housing configured to expose aconnector 810. Connector 810 can be configured for pluggable, removableinsertion into a corresponding connector interface 710 exposed by thehousing of sensor network node 700. The connection of bridge unit 800 tosensor network node 700 via the insertion of connector 810 intoconnector interface 710 produces a true plug-and-play framework for thedeployment of sensors at a monitored location.

Whether from internal sensors or from sensors supported by one or morebridge units attached to a sensor network node, data based on sensormeasurements can be collected by a sensor network node and transmittedto an operation center for storage in a database. As illustrated in FIG.2 , sensor network node 222-1 can collect data based on measurements bysensors integrated with sensor network node 222-1, can collect databased on measurements by sensors supported by bridge unit 240, and cancollect data based on measurements by sensors supported by bridge unit250. The collected data based on measurements by these various sensorscan be transmitted to operation center 230 via gateway 221. Operationcenter 230 can then store the collected data in a database.

The data collected by sensor network node 222-1 represents datacollected outside of domain 210 in which legacy control system 211operates. It is a feature of the present disclosure that operationcenter 230 can process the collected data to produce customizedinformation for presentation to a known interface supported by legacycontrol system 211. In general, the customized information can bedesigned to produce actionable information for use by legacy controlsystem 211.

In one example, the customized information can represent sensormeasurement data that has been conditioned for use by legacy controlsystem 211. In one scenario, operation center 230 can smooth a stream ofsensor data by presenting a moving average of sensor data. The smoothedor otherwise conditioned data can prevent legacy control system 211 fromperforming unwarranted response actions upon the occurrence of spurioussensor data readings.

In another example, operation center 230 can be configured to transformmultiple sensor data values into a transformed data value. In onescenario, operation center 230 can generate a power measurement datavalue based on a voltage measurement data value and a currentmeasurement data value. Here, it should be noted that operation center230 can be configured to perform complex conversion functions that maynot be supported by a monitoring device that performed the sensormeasurements.

In yet another example, operation center 230 can be configured totransform multiple sensor data values into information reflective ofcustom analytics. In a simple scenario, operation center 230 can beconfigured to analyze collected data relative to a threshold value. Thisalert function can be applied to a single stream of collected data. In amore complex scenario, an alert function can be defined that analyzes acomposite of multiple data values. For example, the alert function cananalyze a moving average, a rate of change, or any factor inclusive ofmultiple data values to determine whether an alert should be triggered.In one scenario, the custom analytics can be configured to monitor theoperation of equipment at a monitored location to determine whether amaintenance action should be scheduled. As would be appreciated, theseexamples are not intended to be limiting of the scope of the presentdisclosure. In general, the particular form of the alert function wouldbe implementation dependent.

Operation center 230 can be configured to process collected data toproduce any form or type of information needed by legacy control system211. Thus, the particular processing performed by operation center 230would be dependent on the needs and capabilities of legacy controlsystem 211 and the sensor application implemented.

The processing of collected data can produce customized information forpresentation to legacy control system 211. As illustrated, thecustomized information can be transmitted by operation center 230 togateway 221. Gateway 221 can forward the customized information tosensor network node 222-2 via the sensor network (e.g., wireless meshnetwork). Sensor network node 222-2 can be configured to interface withlegacy control system 211 via bridge unit 280 to present the customizedinformation to legacy control system 211.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example embodiment of a bridge unit that caninterface with a building control system 930. In this embodiment, assumethat the interface between the bridge unit and the building controlsystem is a Modbus interface. As would be appreciated, BACnet, LonWorks,or any other industry-defined interface can also be used between thebridge unit and the building control system.

As illustrated, bridge unit 910 includes controller 911, an example ofwhich was described with reference to controller 410 in FIG. 4 , andModbus controller 912 operating in a slave mode. Modbus controller 912in bridge unit 910 can be configured to interface with Modbus controller931 operating in a master mode. In this arrangement, Modbus controller912 can be configured to respond to messages from Modbus controller 931.For example, Modbus controller 931 can transmit a Modbus request messagethat includes a device address, function code, and the data address orrange of addresses. This Modbus message can be used to collectinformation from bridge unit 910 (e.g., sensor information and/oradditional information) in a manner similar to the collection ofinformation from a monitoring device. As compared to the interfacerelationship illustrated in FIG. 5 , the role of the bridge unit hasswitched from a master mode to a slave mode. Again, it should be notedthat the interface can be a direct serial interface or can be aninterface enabled by a TCP/IP network.

From one perspective, bridge unit 910 can function as a type of proxyfor an actual monitoring device. While bridge unit 910 can stand in theplace of a monitoring device in presenting information based onmeasurements by a monitoring device, the back-end functions of theoperation center enables bridge unit 910 to present customizedinformation, not just the data collected and/or generated by themonitoring device.

In communicating with Modbus controller 931, Modbus controller 912 canbe configured based on configuration settings stored in a database ofthe operation center. In one embodiment, the configuration settings forModbus controller 912 in bridge unit 910 can be stored in accordancewith an identifier based on a gateway identifier, a sensor network nodeidentifier, and a port identifier, wherein the port identifierreferences a particular connector interface of the sensor network nodeto which bridge unit 910 is connected. In one example, the configurationsettings can specify the device and data addresses needed for Modbuscontroller 912 to respond to requests from Modbus controller 931. Forexample, the configuration settings can specify the data addresses to beassociated with sensor information and/or additional information to beprovided to Modbus controller 931. Based on this association, Modbuscontroller 912 would know which sensor information and/or additionalinformation should be sent to Modbus controller 931 in response to arequest. In one embodiment, the configuration settings can be generatedbased on inputs provided by a user through a user interface supported bythe operation center.

Based on the configuration settings stored in the database, theoperation center can generate configuration setup packets fortransmission to the supporting sensor network node via the gateway. Theconfiguration setup packets can then be used by the sensor network nodeto configure the operation of the Modbus controller in the bridge unitattached to the particular port of the sensor network node. Theconfiguration settings can therefore be used to effect a remoteconfiguration of the interface between Modbus controller 912 in bridgeunit 910 and Modbus controller 931.

Having described a framework for augmenting a domain of a legacy controlsystem, a description of a data flow in an augmented control systemdomain is now provided with reference to FIG. 10 . In the exampleillustration of FIG. 10 , data can be generated based on sensormeasurements performed by sensor 1010. The generated data can then beprovided to bridge unit 1020. The provision of data to bridge unit 1020is illustrated as data flow “1”. In one example, the provision of datafrom sensor 1010 to bridge unit 1020 can be performed via intra-devicecommunication where sensor 1010 is integrated with bridge unit 1020. Inanother example, the provision of data from sensor 1010 to bridge unit1020 can be performed via an external interface based on anindustry-defined protocol. In one scenario, bridge unit 1020 includes aModbus controller operating in a master mode that retrieves data from amonitoring device that includes a Modbus controller operating in a slavemode.

Bridge unit 1020 can leverage a sensor network node communicationinfrastructure formed by a plurality of sensor network nodes tocommunicate the collected data to gateway 1040. Entry into the sensornetwork node communication infrastructure is through sensor network node1030. In one embodiment, bridge unit 1020 is attached to sensor networknode 1030 via a plug-and-play universal sensor interface. Thecommunication through the sensor network node communicationinfrastructure is illustrated as data flow “2”. The sensor network nodeinfrastructure can be based on wired and/or wireless communication, andcan include communication through one or more intervening nodes betweensensor network node 1030 and gateway 1040. In one example, the data iscommunicated through a wireless mesh network formed by a plurality ofwireless sensor network nodes.

Gateway 1040 can transmit the data received from the sensor network nodecommunication infrastructure to operation center 1050 via a networkconnection. This communication is illustrated as data flow “3”.Operation center 1050 can be located external to the monitored location.In various embodiments, the network connection can be based on wiredand/or wireless communications.

Having been transported offsite from the monitored location, thecollected data can now be processed for presentation to control system1080. In one embodiment, the processing is performed by customprocessing element 1051, which can be enabled by one or more servers atoperation center 1050 under the control of configuration settingsestablished by a user. In one embodiment, the processing can include oneor more conversion functions defined by the configuration settings.These one or more con version functions may not be supported by amonitoring device in the building control system domain. The production,by custom processing element 1051, of sensor information from data basedon measurements by sensor 1010 is illustrated as data flow “4”. Thecustom-processed sensor information can now be returned to the monitoredlocation for presentation to control system 1080. Operation center 1050can be configured to transmit the custom-processed sensor informationback to gateway 1040 via the network connection. This communication isillustrated as data flow “5”.

Gateway 1040 would then transmit the custom-processed sensor informationto bridge unit 1070 via the sensor network node communicationinfrastructure formed by the plurality of sensor network nodes. Thiscommunication through the sensor network node communicationinfrastructure is illustrated as data flow “6”. Again, the communicationthrough the sensor network node communication infrastructure can includecommunication through one or more intervening nodes between sensornetwork node gateway 1040 and sensor network node 1060.

The custom-processed sensor information can exit from the sensor networknode communication infrastructure through sensor network node 1060 andbe passed to bridge unit 1070. In one embodiment, bridge unit 1070 isattached to sensor network node 1070 via a plug-and-play universalsensor interface.

Bridge unit 1070 can now present the custom-processed sensor informationto building control system 1080. This presentation is illustrated asdata flow “7”. In one embodiment, the presentation of custom-processedsensor information from bridge unit 1070 to building control system 1080can be performed via an external interface based on an industry-definedprotocol. In one scenario, bridge unit 1070 includes a Modbus controlleroperating in a slave mode that is responsive to requests for thecustom-processed sensor information from a Modbus controller operatingin a master mode.

As this example data flow illustrates, custom-processed sensorinformation can be generated from data based on measurements taken bysensors outside of a control system domain. The custom-processed sensorinformation can then be presented to the control system through a knowninterface supported by the control system. The control system domain isthereby augmented with sensor information that was not previouslyavailable to the control system.

In general, a flexible sensor network node infrastructure such as thatdescribed with reference to FIG. 2 can be established outside of anexisting control system domain. This sensor network node infrastructuremay or may not leverage custom processing of collected data using anoperation center outside of the control system domain. In one example,the control system domain can be augmented with sensor data produced bysensors not previously supported by the legacy control system. In thisscenario, the provision of new sensor data through a known interfacesupported by the control system would be advantageous.

With reference to FIG. 2 , additional sensor data that augments thelegacy control system domain can be generated by sensors supported bybridge unit 280, can be generated by sensors supported by sensor networknode 222-2, can be generated by sensors supported by another bridge unitattached to sensor network node 222-2, and can be generated by sensorssupported by another sensor network node 222-n, whether or not thesensor data passed through operation center 230 for custom processing.This can be the case, for example, where the sensor network nodecommunication infrastructure has a reach that extends beyond thecommunication infrastructure that supports legacy control system domain210.

The augmentation of the legacy control system domain has many benefits.For example, expanding the sensor information considered by the legacycontrol system domain can improve reporting, information management anddecision-making, can increase operational savings through more efficientresource deployment, can promote more robust energy efficient decisions,and can provide a flexible mechanism to scale the control systemplatform.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure can provide a machineand/or computer readable storage and/or medium, having stored thereon, amachine code and/or a computer program having at least one code sectionexecutable by a machine and/or a computer, thereby causing the machineand/or computer to perform the steps as described herein.

Those of skill in the relevant art would appreciate that the variousillustrative blocks, modules, elements, components, and methodsdescribed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computersoftware, or combinations of both. To illustrate this interchangeabilityof hardware and software, various illustrative blocks, modules,elements, components, methods, and algorithms have been described abovegenerally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality isimplemented as hardware or software depends upon the particularapplication and design constraints imposed on the overall system. Thoseof skill in the relevant art can implement the described functionalityin varying ways for each particular application. Various components andblocks may be arranged differently (e.g., arranged in a different order,or partitioned in a different way) all without departing from the scopeof the subject technology.

These and other aspects of the present disclosure will become apparentto those skilled in the relevant art by a review of the precedingdetailed disclosure. Although a number of salient features of thepresent disclosure have been described above, the principles in thepresent disclosure are capable of other embodiments and of beingpracticed and carried out in various ways that would be apparent to oneof skill in the relevant art after reading the present disclosure,therefore the above disclosure should not be considered to be exclusiveof these other embodiments. Also, it is to be understood that thephraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purposes ofdescription and should not be regarded as limiting.

1. (canceled)
 2. A system, comprising: a first sensor device installedin a first location of a building, the first sensor device having aplurality of sensors including a first temperature sensor, a firsthumidity sensor and a first air quality sensor; a second sensor deviceinstalled in a second location of the building, the second sensor devicehaving a second temperature sensor, a second humidity sensor and asecond air quality sensor; an operation center having one or moreservers, the one or more servers configured to receive first sensor datameasured by the first temperature sensor, the first humidity sensor andthe first air quality sensor and to receive second sensor data measuredby the second temperature sensor, the second humidity sensor and thesecond air quality sensor, to generate first customized sensorinformation from the first sensor data and to generate second customizedsensor information from the second sensor data, and to transmit thefirst customized sensor information and the second customized sensorinformation to the building via an Internet connection; and apresentation device installed in the building, the presentation deviceconfigured to receive the first customized sensor information and thesecond customized sensor information, and to transmit, in response toone or more requests received from a Building Management System (BMS)control device in the building, the first customized sensor informationand the second customized sensor information to the BMS control devicevia a wired interface that connects the presentation device to the BMScontrol device.
 3. The system of claim 2, wherein the wired interfaceuses an industry-defined protocol supported by the BMS control device.4. The system of claim 3, wherein the wired interface enables a BACnetcommunication protocol.
 5. The system of claim 2, wherein the first airquality sensor is a carbon dioxide sensor.
 6. The system of claim 2,wherein the one or more servers are configured to smooth the firstsensor data via a moving average.
 7. The system of claim 2, wherein theone or more servers are configured to generate a single data value frommultiple data values.
 8. The system of claim 2, wherein the one or moreservers are configured to generate a custom analytic based on the firstsensor data.
 9. The system of claim 2, wherein the presentation devicereceives the first customized sensor information and the secondcustomized sensor information from a gateway device, the gateway devicehaving a wide area network connection with the operation center.
 10. Amethod, comprising: receiving, by one or more servers in an operationcenter, first sensor data measured by a first temperature sensor, afirst humidity sensor and a first air quality sensor in a first sensordevice installed in a first location of a building and second sensordata measured by a second temperature sensor, a second humidity sensorand a second air quality sensor in a second sensor device installed in asecond location of the building; generating, by the one or more servers,first customized sensor information from the first sensor data andgenerating second customized sensor information from the second sensordata; transmitting, by the one or more servers, the first customizedsensor information and the second customized sensor information to thebuilding via an Internet connection; and transmitting, by a presentationdevice in the building in response to one or more requests received froma Building Management System (BMS) control device in the building, thefirst customized sensor information and the second customized sensorinformation to the BMS control device via a wired interface thatconnects the presentation device to the BMS control device.
 11. Themethod of claim 10, wherein the wired interface uses an industry-definedprotocol supported by the BMS control device.
 12. The method of claim11, wherein the wired interface enables a BACnet communication protocol.13. The method of claim 10, wherein the first air quality sensor is acarbon dioxide sensor.
 14. The method of claim 10, wherein the one ormore servers are configured to smooth the first sensor data via a movingaverage.
 15. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more servers areconfigured to generate a single data value from multiple data values.16. The method of claim 10, wherein the one or more servers areconfigured to generate a custom analytic based on the first sensor data.17. The method of claim 10, wherein the presentation device receives thefirst customized sensor information and the second customized sensorinformation from a gateway device, the gateway device having a wide areanetwork connection with the operation center.
 18. A device installed ina building, comprising: a wired interface the connects the device with aBuilding Management System (BMS) control device in the building, thewired interface supporting a BACnet communication protocol; atransceiver that enables the device to receive first customized sensorinformation and second customized sensor information, the firstcustomized sensor information generated by one or more servers in anoperation center by processing first sensor data measured by a firsttemperature sensor, a first humidity sensor and a first air qualitysensor in a first sensor device in the building, the second customizedsensor information generated by the one or more servers in the operationcenter by processing second sensor data measured by a second temperaturesensor, a second humidity sensor and a second air quality sensor in asecond sensor device in the building, the operation centercommunicatively connected to the building via an Internet connection;and a controller configured to transmit, in response to one or morerequests received from the BMS control device, the first customizedsensor information and the second customized sensor information to theBMS control device via the wired interface.
 19. The device of claim 18,wherein the first air quality sensor is a carbon dioxide sensor.
 20. Thedevice of claim 18, wherein the transceiver is a wireless transceiver.21. The device of claim 18, wherein the transceiver receives the firstcustomized sensor information and the second customized sensorinformation from a gateway device.